“All Cretans are liars,” said the Cretan Epimenides. “This sentence is false,” echoes every logic textbook. We’re still arguing 2,600 years later—and the paradox is winning. _____________________________ / \ | “THIS SENTENCE IS FALSE.” | \_____________________________/ | | self-reference v +---------------------------+ | Truth flips back on | | itself — paradox loop! | +---------------------------+ 1. Meet the Liar The classic one-liner: L: “This sentence is false.” If L is true, then what it asserts—its own falsity—must hold, so L is false. If L is false, then what it asserts isn’t the ca...
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