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Lesson 2.3 – Number Formats

Lesson 2.3 – Number Format Number formats control how Excel displays numeric values such as currency, percentages, dates, and measurements. Formatting does not change the underlying value — it only changes how the value appears. Understanding number formats is essential for creating clear, professional spreadsheets. 1. What Number Formats Do Excel stores numbers as raw values (e.g., 1500), but you can display them in different ways: 1,500 → with thousand separators $1,500.00 → as currency 1500% → as a percentage 15/03/2024 → as a date The value stays the same — only the appearance changes. 2. Accessing Number Formats You can apply number formats from: Home → Number group Right-click → Format Cells The Format Cells window provides the most complete set of options. 3. Common Number Formats 3.1 General The default format. Excel displays the number in the simplest way possible. 3.2 Number Used for standard nu...

Part II: Retrieving Data Chapter 4: Advanced Filtering and Expressions

Chapter 4: Advanced Filtering and Expressions In this chapter, we’ll deepen your SQL toolkit by mastering advanced filtering techniques and expressions in the WHERE clause. Precise filters let you extract exactly the rows you need, avoid noisy results, and improve query performance. We’ll cover: Comparison Operators: = , <> , > , < , >= , <= Logical Operators: AND , OR , NOT Pattern Matching: LIKE with % and _ wildcards Set Membership & Ranges: IN and BETWEEN Handling Missing Values: IS NULL and COALESCE By the end, you’ll be crafting tight, readable filters that yield clean, accurate datasets. 1. Comparison Operators Comparison operators form the bedrock of row-level filtering. They compare a column’s value to a constant or another column. Operator Description Example = Equal to WHERE status = 'active' <> Not equal to WHERE rating <> 5 > Greater than WHERE price > 100 < Less than WHERE quantity < 10 >= Greater than or equ...

Lesson 2.2 – Formatting Cells

Lesson 2.2 – Formatting Cells Formatting cells is essential for making your data clear, readable, and professional. Good formatting improves communication, helps prevent errors, and ensures your spreadsheet follows international standards used in business and data analysis. 1. Font Formatting You can change the appearance of text using the Font group on the Home tab. Bold – highlight important labels Italic – emphasize specific values Underline – titles or totals Font size – adjust readability Font color – use sparingly for clarity Avoid using too many colors or styles, as this reduces readability. 2. Cell Alignment Alignment controls how content is positioned inside a cell. Left – default for text Right – default for numbers and dates Center – useful for headers Vertical alignment – top, middle, bottom Wrap Text – keeps long text visible inside the cell Merge & Center – combine cells for titles ...

Lesson 2.1 – Entering Data

Lesson 2.1 – Entering Data In this lesson, you will learn how to enter clean and structured data in Excel. Correct data entry is essential for accurate calculations, sorting, filtering, and all types of data analysis. Excel recognizes different types of data such as text, numbers, dates, and times, and each behaves differently inside the worksheet. 1. Entering Text Text is used for labels, names, categories, and descriptions. Excel aligns text to the left by default. Examples: Product A Customer Name Category To enter text, click a cell and type. Press Enter to confirm. 2. Entering Numbers Numbers are used for quantities, prices, percentages, and calculations. Excel aligns numbers to the right by default. Examples: 150 3.75 -20 Avoid adding spaces or symbols (except decimal separators), otherwise Excel may treat the value as text. 3. Entering Dates and Times Dates and times must follow a valid format...

Lesson 1.4 – Data Types in Excel: Text, Numbers, and Dates

Lesson 1.4 – Data Types in Excel: Text, Numbers, and Dates Excel interprets data differently depending on its type. Understanding how Excel classifies text, numbers, and dates is essential for accurate calculations, sorting, filtering, and data analysis. This lesson explains how each data type works and how Excel behaves when processing them. 1. Text (Strings) Text is any content that Excel does not recognize as a number or date. Text is aligned to the left by default. It is commonly used for labels, names, categories, and descriptive information. Examples of text: Product A January Invoice #4521 ABC123 Even numeric-looking values may be treated as text if they contain leading zeros, spaces, or non-numeric characters. 2. Numbers Numbers are values Excel can use in calculations. They are aligned to the right by default. Numbers can represent quantities, prices, percentages, measurements, or any numeric data. Examples of ...